NHWP Unit 10

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Grammar Points

[1] Verb Patterns
Verb + - ing

Everyone loves going to parties.
He finished reading his book.
I like working as a teacher = I am a teacher and I enjoy it.
I love dancing. = This is one of my hobbies.
I enjoy going abroad.
We like going to Italy for our holidays.
Do you enjoy learning English ?
What do you like making ?


Verb + to + infinitive
I'd like to be a teacher. = When I grow up, I want to be a teacher.
Thank you. I'd love to dance. = We're at a disco. I'm pleased that you asked me.
They want to buy a new car.
I'd like to go abroad.
I hope to go abroad.
I'd love to go abroad.
I want to live in a hot country. = I'd like to live in a hot country.
I hope to see you again soon.
What do you want to study ?
What would like to do tonight

Verb + -ing OR to
It began to rain = It began raining.
I continued to work in the library= I continued working in the library
When did you start to get them? = When did you start getting them?

Verb + compounds + infinitive
Have something to eat.
I've got nothing to do.
There's nowhere to hide.

Modal verb + infinitive without to
I can't go abroad.
I can go home early tonight.

Verb + Preposition + -ing
We're thinking of moving house
I'm looking forward to having more free time.
I'm looking forward to going abroad.
I'm thinking of going abroad.
We're thinking of going to Italy for our holidays.
We're thinking of having a few days off soon.
We're looking forward to having a few days off soon.
Where are you thinking of going ?

More on verb patterns from BBC|| Learning English

Practice 1
Practice 2
Practice 3
Practice 4
Practice 5

[2] Used To
Used to + Verb
Example: I used to go to the beach every day.
It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using Simple Past.
USE 1 Habit in the Past
"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.
Examples:
  • Jerry used to study English.
  • Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer.
  • I used to start work at 9 o'clock.

USE 2 Past Facts and Generalizations
"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.
Examples:
  • I used to live in Paris.
  • Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin.
  • George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best.
  • Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.

"Used to" vs. Simple Past
Both Simple Past and "Used to" can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, "used to" is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.
Examples:
  • You used to play the piano.
  • Did you play the piano when you were young?
  • You did not play the piano when you were young.

More on Used to at BBC| Learning English

Practice 1
Practice 2
Practice 3
Practice 4
Practice 5
Practice 6
[3] The Infinitive
Recognize the infinitive when you see one
When to use the infinitive
The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:

- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse
  • I forgot to close the window.
  • Mary needs to leave early.
  • Why are they encouraged to learn English?
  • We can't afford to take a long holiday.
The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised
  • I was happy to help them.
  • She will be delighted to see you.
This includes too + adjective:
  • The water was too cold to swim in.
  • Is your coffee too hot to drink?
The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:
  • He was strong enough to lift it.
  • She is rich enough to buy two.

Practice 1
Practice 2
Practice 3
Practice 4
Practice 5
Practice 6


Vocabulary

-ed and -ing Adjectives
We use adjectives that end up with -ed to express feelings.
example: I feel bored when I listen to classical music.


We use adjectives that end up with -ing to describe places, things, activities ...
example: they had a tiring trip.

The -ed ending adjectives are often followed by prepositions (these are not the only choices):
  • We were amazed at all the circus animals.
  • We were amused by the clowns.
  • We were annoyed by the elephants.
  • We were bored by the ringmaster.
  • We were confused by the noise.
  • We were disappointed by the motorcycle daredevils.
  • We were disappointed in their performance.
  • We were embarrassed by my brother.
  • We were exhausted from all the excitement.
  • We were excited by the lion-tamer.
  • We were excited about the high-wire act, too.
  • We were frightened by the lions.
  • We were introduced to the ringmaster.
  • We were interested in the tent.
  • We were irritated by the heat.
  • We were opposed to leaving early.
  • We were satisfied with the circus.
  • We were shocked at the level of noise under the big tent.
  • We were surprised by the fans' response.
  • We were surprised at their indifference.
  • We were tired of all the lights after a while.
  • We were worried about the traffic leaving the parking lot.

-ed and -ing adjectives list
More on -ed and -ing adjectives at BBC Learning English | Grammar Challenge
All about adjectives.

Practice 1
Practice 2
Practice 3
Practice 4
Practice 5
Practice 6
Practice 7
Credits ©
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-16361.php
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/usedto.html
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/ingform/menu.php
http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/infinitive.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_infinitive-ing.htm
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-48887.php
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm